Sex-specific survival gene mutations are discovered as clinical predictors of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is twice as high in males as in females worldwide, and the prognosis is also worse in males. Differences in subtypes, prognosis, and treatment response in ccRCC according to sex have been observed, but the underlying reasons are not well known.

Sex-related differences in cancer have been reported independent of race, ethnicity, or geographic location. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, increased overall cancer incidence rates (by 19%) and mortality rates (by 43%) in males have been reported worldwide. This pattern of increased cancer susceptibility in males has been observed not only in kidney cancer but also in cancers of the bladder, lung, liver, stomach and other sites Differences in gene expression and mutation frequencies between males and females in cancer have been reported in various studies. These findings have been observed in ccRCC in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Asia. However, the differences in genetic variation according to sex and clinical usefulness are not well studied. Proposed factors for the sex disparity include environmental factors, immunological, hormonal, genetic, and pharmacokinetic differences between males and females, X chromosome effects, and differences in the efficiency of the immunological and genomic surveillance mechanisms between males and females…….Read the full article HERE on nature.com